Smart Building Cybersecurity: OT and IoT Risks

Smart buildings rely on OT and IoT systems to manage daily operations. These systems control HVAC, lighting, elevators, access control, and energy use. However, as buildings become more connected, cyber risks increase. As a result, attackers now target commercial properties more often.

Why Smart Buildings Are Cyber Targets

To begin with, smart buildings combine old OT systems with modern IoT devices. Some systems run outdated software. Others use weak passwords or default settings. However, they all connect to critical building operations.

Additionally, property managers often lack full visibility into every connected device. Therefore, one weak sensor or controller can expose the entire network.

For example, attackers may target HVAC systems or badge readers. Moreover, building automation systems often share networks with IT systems. Finally, disruptions can affect tenant safety and comfort.

Threat #1: HVAC and Building Automation Systems

First, HVAC systems rely on OT controllers and sensors. These systems manage air quality, temperature, and airflow. However, many were not designed with cybersecurity in mind.

Additionally, building automation systems often use legacy protocols. For example, some controllers communicate without encryption.

Common risks include:

• Outdated HVAC controllers
• No network segmentation
• Weak remote access settings
• Limited monitoring of OT activity

As a result, attackers can manipulate building systems or move deeper into the network.

Threat #2: Access Control and Security Systems

Secondly, smart buildings use IoT devices for access control. These include badge readers, door locks, cameras, and alarms. However, many devices use default credentials.

In addition, some systems lack strong authentication. For example, shared accounts are common.

Key risks include:

• Unauthorized access to secure areas
• Compromised surveillance cameras
• Disabled alarms or alerts
• No audit trail of user activity

Consequently, physical security and cyber risk become tightly linked.

Threat #3: IoT Sensors and Smart Devices

Thirdly, smart buildings rely on many IoT devices. These include occupancy sensors, energy meters, lighting controls, and environmental monitors. However, many devices lack basic security.

For example, some sensors transmit data without encryption. Additionally, firmware updates may be rare or unsupported.

Therefore, IoT devices can become easy entry points for attackers.

Threat #4: Vendor and Third-Party Access

Fourthly, building operators rely on vendors for maintenance and support. These vendors often use remote access tools. However, access controls are not always strict.

Additionally, vendor accounts may remain active long after work is done.

As a result, stolen credentials can expose critical systems.

How IoT365 Helps Secure Smart Buildings

In response to these risks, IoT365 helps protect smart building OT and IoT systems. The platform delivers real-time visibility, segmentation, and monitoring.

IoT365 provides:

• Device discovery across OT and IoT assets
• Zero Trust segmentation to limit lateral movement
• Password and firmware checks
• Anomaly detection for abnormal behavior
• Secure vendor access with identity tracking

Learn More from Trusted Sources

• CISA – Building Security: https://www.cisa.gov/physical-security
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework: https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework
• DOE Smart Buildings: https://www.energy.gov/smart-buildings

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, smart buildings depend on OT and IoT systems for safety and efficiency. However, weak security can expose tenants and operators to serious risks.

Ultimately, securing smart buildings helps protect people, property, and daily operations.